academia.edu: what it tells AI crawlers
On 27 October 2026, academia.edu's robots.txt fully blocked GPTBot, ClaudeBot, Google-Extended and CCBot.
Last verified 2026-10-28 03:59 UTC (daily run of 2026-10-27). Proof for that day.
- Panel
- top 1k (Tranco)
- robots.txt
- ok (HTTP 200) · https://www.academia.edu/robots.txt
unchanged since 2026-10-26 · sha256850b27d82470c0eb…· view as recorded - The * group
- blocks applies to every agent without its own group
Per AI bot, 2026-10-27
| User agent | Verdict | How |
|---|---|---|
| GPTBot | blocks | named in its own group |
| OAI-SearchBot | allows | named in its own group |
| ChatGPT-User | allows | named in its own group |
| ClaudeBot | blocks | through the * group |
| Claude-SearchBot | allows | named in its own group |
| Claude-User | allows | named in its own group |
| PerplexityBot | allows | named in its own group |
| Perplexity-User | blocks | through the * group |
| Googlebot | allows | named in its own group |
| Google-Extended | blocks | named in its own group |
| Applebot-Extended | blocks | named in its own group |
| CCBot | blocks | through the * group |
| Bytespider | blocks | through the * group |
| Meta-ExternalAgent | blocks | through the * group |
| Amazonbot | blocks | through the * group |
| Applebot | allows | named in its own group |
| DuckAssistBot | allows | named in its own group |
| ExaBot | allows | named in its own group |
| facebookexternalhit | allows | named in its own group |
| Gemini-Deep-Research | allows | named in its own group |
| MistralAI-User | allows | named in its own group |
| TavilyBot | allows | named in its own group |
| YouBot | allows | named in its own group |
Other signals
| Publishes /llms.txt | not observed |
| Publishes /ai.txt | not observed |
| Publishes /.well-known/tdmrep.json | not observed |
| Reserves TDM rights (TDMRep file, header or meta) | not observed |
| Declares Content Signals (robots.txt or header) | not observed |
| Says ai-train=no in a Content Signal | not observed |
| Points to an RSL licence (robots.txt License line or Link header) | not observed |
| Answers with an x402 payment offer (lower bound: only the homepage is probed) | not observed |
| Answers HTTP 402 Payment Required (lower bound: only the homepage is probed) | not observed |
| Sends noai / noimageai directives | not observed |
| Refused our fetcher (403 / challenge) | no |
robots.txt as recorded sha256 6a17667efb7a610c…
# If you run a search engine and would like to index Academia.edu, please email support@academia.edu. User-agent: Googlebot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Mediapartners-Google Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: msnbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: bingbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Slurp Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: DuckDuckbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: baiduspider Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: seznambot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: naverbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: teoma Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Yandex Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: ScoutJet Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: GurujiBot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Exabot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Solbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: FAST Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: VoilaBot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: daumoa Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: ArchitextSpider Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Twitterbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: SocSciBot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: ia_archiver Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: coccoc Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Browsershots Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: SiteArc Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: Cliqzbot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: proximic Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: OnCrawlBot Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file Disallow: /Jobs/Search Disallow: /people/search Disallow: /ac_search Disallow: /users/search Disallow: /ac_universities Disallow: /ac_university_departments Disallow: /v0/arbitrary_event Disallow: /v0/server_notifications Disallow: /v0/impressions Disallow: /v0/ab_test Disallow: /v0/onsite_pings Allow: / User-agent: * Disallow: / Sitemap: https://sitemap.academia.edu/works_index.xml
robots.txt versions
| From | Through | State | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-26 | 2026-10-27 | ok 200 | 850b27d82470 |
Timeline of changes
| Date | What changed |
|---|---|
| No changes since the first observation (2026-10-26). | |
Reconstructed history (Common Crawl)
From Common Crawl's robots.txt captures: what CCBot was served, one crawl per quarter. A separate series from the daily observations above; a 403 here means Common Crawl was refused, not this ledger.
| Crawl | Host | State | GPTBot | OAI-SearchBot | ChatGPT-User | ClaudeBot | Claude-SearchBot | Claude-User | PerplexityBot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-21 CC-MAIN-2026-39 | www.academia.edu | ok view | blocks | allows | unknown | blocks | allows | unknown | allows |
| 2025-09-15 CC-MAIN-2025-38 | www.academia.edu | ok view | blocks | allows | unknown | blocks | allows | unknown | allows |
| 2024-09-16 CC-MAIN-2024-38 | www.academia.edu | ok view | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks |
| 2023-10-02 CC-MAIN-2023-40 | www.academia.edu | ok view | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks |
| 2022-10-03 CC-MAIN-2022-40 | academia.edu | redirect-only | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| 2021-09-27 CC-MAIN-2021-39 | academia.edu | fetch-blocked | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| 2020-09-28 CC-MAIN-2020-40 | academia.edu | fetch-blocked | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| 2019-09-23 CC-MAIN-2019-39 | academia.edu | fetch-blocked | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| 2018-09-24 CC-MAIN-2018-39 | academia.edu | fetch-blocked | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| 2017-09-25 CC-MAIN-2017-39 | academia.edu | fetch-blocked | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown | unknown |
| 2017-01-23 CC-MAIN-2017-04 | www.academia.edu | ok view | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks |
| 2016-10-03 CC-MAIN-2016-40 | www.academia.edu | ok view | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks |
| 2016-09-05 CC-MAIN-2016-36 | academia.edu | ok view | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks | blocks | unknown | blocks |
Evidence
Every daily observation of academia.edu is a leaf in that day's Merkle tree. Proof of the robots.txt line for 2026-10-27: audit path (JSON), day root and OpenTimestamps proof (complete (bitcoin block 973493)).
API: https://infrarabbit.com/crawlers/api/v1/policy/academia.edu